Magento 2.x supports The default Quote Lifetime is 30 days.

By default Admin Session Time value 900 second, user can put Minimum second is 60 and Maximum is 31536000 (for one year)

By default Customer Session Lifetime 3600 seconds (60 Minute / 1 Hour), you can change Cookie Lifetime value to any values in seconds

1. For 24 Hour (86400 Seconds)
2. For 1 Month (2592000 Second)
3. For 1 Year (31536000 Seconds)

Adobe Commerce (Magento 2.x Enterprise / Commerce Cloud Edition) only supports Private Sales not by Magento Open Source 2.x

Adobe Commerce (Magento 2.x Enterprise / Commerce Cloud Edition) only provides Private Sales to increase sales revenue & allow to create limited-time sales, limit sales to specific existing customers or create a stand-alone private sale page

Private Sales also called VIP sales for VIP existing customers

Adobe Commerce (Magento 2.x Enterprise / Commerce Cloud Edition) only supports Live Search not by Magento Open Source 2.x

Adobe Commerce supports Live Search is set of standalone meta packages & AI based search experience.

It replaces the standard search capabilities of Adobe Commerce.

Live Search is available for Adobe Commerce @ free of cost

Live Search powered by Adobe Sense

Live Search module is installed from the command line of the server and connects to your Commerce installation as a service.

After Live Search Installed & Configured, Adobe Commerce begins sharing search and catalog data with SaaS services

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of rules & policies & standards to maintain security of Credit, Debit and Cash card transactions and protect cardholders against misuse of their personal information.

PCI DSS was launched on 7th September, 2006 to manage the ongoing evolution of the Payment Card Industry (PCI) security standards with a focus on improving payment account security throughout the transaction process.

It was created by the major payment card brands (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover and JCB etc.)

All Merchants, Business, Organization that store, process or transmit customer's cardholder data must be PCI compliant. Each merchant that is categorized as a Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 merchant is required to report its compliance status directly to its acquiring bank.

PCI DSS is managed by PCI DSS

Maximum Quantity Allowed for Shipping to Multiple Addresses is 100

Magento was acquired by Adobe Inc in May 2018 for $1.68 Billion USD.

The Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (SSC) is used to develop highly standards & secure policies for PCI compliance. Its purpose to create secure and protect the entire payment card system

PCI SSC is managed by PCI SSC

Magento Commerce was rebranded to Adobe Commerce on 21 April 2021

continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) is pipeline automates the process of software delivery. It builds code, runs tests, and helps you to safely deploy a new version of the software. CI/CD pipeline reduces manual errors, provides feedback to developers, and allows fast product iterations.

Adobe Analytics provides reporting, visualizations, and analysis of Customer Data that allows Customers to discover actionable insights.

[1] Google Analytics works for basic web analytics and Adobe Analytics works for advanced web analytics.

[2] Google Analytics freely available while Adobe Analytics paid.

[3] Google Analytics used for web solution reporting while Adobe Analytics used for Real-time analytics and detailed segmentation for marketing Web analytics solution

Magento Open Source & Adobe Commerce 2.xoffer two type customers

1. Globally
2. Website Level

Product Recommendations are a awesome marketing tool, Merchant can use to increase conversions, boost revenue & increase sales revenue & profits

Go Magento 2.x Admin

Marketing > Promotions > Product Recommendations

Click on create a new recommendation or edit an existing recommendation

Product Recommendations are a awesome marketing tool, Merchant can use to increase conversions, boost revenue & increase sales revenue & profits

Go Magento 2.x Admin

Marketing > Promotions > Product Recommendations

Click on create a new recommendation or edit an existing recommendation

Adobe Sensei is based on AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning) technology, It is Adobe SaaS based platforms, which was first introduced in Market on 2016.

It provides incredible customer shopping experiences, personalized customer experiences, capturing customer shopping experience on the bases of their requirement

Adobe Commerce supports two important feature by using Adobe Sensei(SaaS)

[a] Product Recommendations are powered by Adobe Sensei(SaaS)

[b] Live Search are powered by Adobe Sensei(SaaS)

No, (Payment on Account) Payment method is not supported for orders with multiple shipping addresses and does not appear among the payment options for these orders.

No, Product Recommendations & Live Search not supported by Magento Open Source 2.x

1. Only Adobe Commerce supports Product Recommendations & Live Search
2. Product Recommendations & Live Search are external module,powered by Adobe
3. Product Recommendations & Live Search are based on Adobe Sensei (AI+ML)
4. Once Merchant purchase Adobe Commerce, Product Recommendations & Live Search are not provided by default, need to install separately

A Gift Card is a form of payment that can be used to make purchases at online shopping, retail stores & other locations

Adobe Commerce 2.x supports three Gift Card

1. Physical Gift Cards [Printed Gift Cards]:: [Printed Gift Cards] to be mailed(Posted) recipients street address or postal address or shipping address or physical mail not by Email ID
   Physical Gift Cards can be mass produced in advance and embossed with unique codes.
2. Virtual Gift Cards:: A Virtual Gift Card has "No Stock Quantity" and is always "In Stock Quantity". It is always required recipients Email ID.
3. Combined Gift Card = It is combination of Physical Gift Card & Virtual Gift Card

Magento Open Source & Adobe Commerce 2.x support five type session

1. Customer Session
2. Catalog Session
3. Checkout Session
4. News Letter Session
5. Admin Session

Adobe Commerce 2.x supports additional below features as compare to Magento Open Source 2.0

1. Reusable Dynamic Blocks
2. B2B functionality
3. Business intelligence dashboards
4. Advanced marketing tools
5. Content staging and preview
6. Customer loyalty tools
7. Visual merchandising
8. Product recommendations
9. Customer segmentation
10. Live Search
11. BOPIS
12. Gift cards



Adobe Commerce is PCI-certified as a level 1 Solution Provider.




For more details

List of Differentiate Between Magento Open Source & Adobe Commerce 2.x

Report URI:: Report URI is a service that monitors CSP violations and displays the results in a dashboard & a real-time security monitoring platform that allows you to quickly and easily setup reporting for the latest browser security standards.

It monitors following below services

1. REAL-TIME SECURITY REPORTING
2. REAL-TIME DNS MONITORING
3. REAL-TIME APPLICATION HEALTH
4. REAL-TIME ERROR TRACKING

DDoS [ Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attack] It is a malicious network attack where hackers overwhelm a website or service with false web traffic or attempts to shut down (halt) or slow down servers

A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is a cyberattack that occurs when multiple machines (from many different devices) work together to attack a target. The goal is to force a website, computer, or online service offline by flooding by it with requests from many different devices

Avoid using names like admin, administrator, superuser, or root

As per PCI Data Security Standard in section 8.2.4 , Admin Password must be change after 90 days, if you want reduce less that 90 days , follow below URL.

The Zero Subtotal Checkout panel is a payment option that displays when order total is zero and not required to enter payment details for the customer.

Adobe has strengthened the hashing algorithms (SHA-256) used in password management. The Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source framework (Commerce framework) now supports Argon2ID13 through the PHP sodium extension, which requires the libsodium library version 1.0.13 or higher

The Following two type Data Grid as below

Fixed Data Grid : It is Fixed Data Grid, where column header can not be add any header column.

Example : Cart Price Rules Data Grid - It is Fixed Data Grid & not able to add any header column

Customizable Data Grid : It is Customizable Data Grid, where add any column header can be added.

Example : Product Data Grid - It is Customizable Data Grid & able to add any header column

There are 7 Products Types in Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x

1. Simple Product
2. Configurable Product
3. Grouped Product
4. Bundle Product
5. Virtual Product
6. Downloadable Product
7. Gift Cards -- Only Supported By Adobe Commerce 2.x

There are 8 Delivery Methods in Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x

1. Flat Rate
2. Free Shipping
3. Table Rates
4. In Store Delivery
5. UPS
6. USPS
7. FedEx
8. DHL

Go To Admin

Stores -> Configuration -> SALES -> Delivery Methods

For More Details

How To Configure FedEx Carrier in Magento 2
How To Configure USPS Carrier in Magento 2.x
How to Configure UPS Carrier in Magento 2.x
How To Configure DHL Carrier in Magento 2.x
How To Configure In-Store Delivery in Magento 2.x
How To Configure Table Rates Shipping in Magento 2.x
How To Set Flat Rate Shipping in Magento 2.x
How To Configure Free Shipping in Magento 2.x

The following Three types of authentication in Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x .

1. OAuth-based authentication [ OAuth 1.0a ]

   Third-party applications authenticate with OAuth 1.0a

   For More Details

   OAuth 1.0a
2. Token-based authentication [tokens] Mobile applications authenticate using tokens.

   For More Details

   tokens
3. Administrators and customers are authenticated with login credentials.

   For More Details

   login credentials

Adobe Commerce AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning) technology by Using Adobe Sensei, It is Adobe SaaS based platforms & following below things

1. Personalized Customer Experience
2. Personalized Shopping Experience
3. Incredible Business Experience
4. Boost Sales
5. Increase Sales Revenue
6. Promote Sales

Terms & Conditions either Automatically or Manually on checkout page before placing order depends on Admin Setting, while you have created custom Terms & Conditions as Automatically or Manually, respectively applied on checkout page before placing order.

The following below 3 modes are supported by Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x

[1] Default :: 1Once Install Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x , It is Default Mode & not used for the development and production environment

[2] Developer:: Only For Developer for code developed activities.

[3] Production:: Used for production environment or live environment

Returned Merchandise Authorization(RMA) Customer request to return an item for replacement or refund.

Receive request - Both registered customers and guests can request an RMA

RMA [Returned Merchandise Authorization] is only possible, once Sales Order Completed Status

RMA perform operation for simple, grouped, configurable, and bundle product types and RMAs are not available for virtual products, downloadable products, and gift cards.

Instant Purchase is used to allow customers/buyers to speed through the checkout process using information that is saved in their account. Only Once enabled, the Instant Purchase button appears below the Add to Cart button on the product page for customers/buyers who want to process by using instant purchase

The The minimum number is 2 & The maximum number is 999 requisition lists to be maintained for each customer account in 'B2B Adobe Commerce

Customers can add products to a requisition list below following pages

1. Product pages
2. A catalog page
3. The shopping cart
4. Existing orders

The ECE-Tools package is a set of scripts and tools designed to manage and deploy Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure projects.

The versioning of packages on Magento Cloud is controlled by the magento-cloud-metapackage repository, It is defined in the composer.json

Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure having two plan Starter and a Pro plan

STARTER: Deployed to a fault-tolerant, multi-tenant micro-service grid with a 99.9% full stack availability guarantee

Starter architecture supports up to four environments, including a Master environment that contains the initial project code, the Staging environment, and up to two Integration environments.

All environments are in PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) containers. These containers are deployed inside highly restricted containers on a grid of servers. These environments are read-only, accepting deployed code changes from branches pushed from your local workspace. Each environment provides a database and web server.

PRO: Dedicated production environment deployed across 3 separate physical locations with a 99.99% full stack availability guarantee

Pro architecture supports multiple environments (Integration, Staging, Production, Master) that you can use to develop, test, and launch your store.

Once Website / Store offers Reward Points while customers doing repeated shopping, these Reward Points as Cashback, Coupons, special discount etc.

Page Builder:: is advanced tools to design page layouts, add Magento content (Product and Category data, CMS content and Blocks), and format text.

Page Builder allows dragging-and-dropping facility to create content by using pre-built controls.

These pre-built controls also called Content Types, The following below four types pre-built controls(Content Types)

The following four type Page Builder

• Rows
• Columns
• Tabs

• Text
• Heading
• Buttons
• Divider
• HTML Code

• Image
• Video
• Slider
• Banner

• Block
• Product

Content staging / Schedule a Content Update are only supported by Adobe Commerce 2,x

Content staging / Schedule a Content Update gives your business team the ability to easily create, preview, and schedule a wide range of content updates for your store on future date as Business Requirement & directly from the Admin

The following below Content staging / Schedule a Content Update

1. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for Products on future date as per Business Requirement
2. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for Categories on future date as per Business Requirement
3. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for Catalog Price Rules on future date as per Business Requirement
4. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for Cart Price Rules on future date as per Business Requirement
5. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for CMS Pages on future date as per Business Requirement
6. Content staging / Schedule a Content Update for CMS Blocks on future date as per Business Requirement

Magento Open Source 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x reserves the Category ID 2 for the root catalog of the default store

Visual Merchandiser is only supported by Adobe Commerce 2.x & not by Magento Open Source 2.x

Visual Merchandiser is set of rules / conditions to provide Positioning of Products in category as per your Business need to promote products of Category by using

1. Method 1: Drag and Drop Products Position
2. Method 2: Set Products Position Value

This is good technique to promote brand products, increase sales & increase revenue .

Merchandising is only supported by Adobe Commerce 2.x not by Magento Open Source 2.x

Merchandising is a way to present & display products attractive way to in your Store to promote sales, increase sales

Adobe Commerce 2.x supports following four type Merchandising

1. Visual Merchandiser
2. Gift Registries
3. Rewards and Loyalty
4. Private Sales and Events

Related Products Rules is only supported by Adobe Commerce 2.x not by Magento Open Source 2.x

The Related Products Rule is used to create related rule on specific given time there might be a number of active related rules need to be display as on Home Page (UpSell Products), PDP Page (UpSell), Cart Page( CrossSell) & Related Products

“Allow remote shopping assistance” allow Store owner to logged in customers account as per their permission, once customers allowed

By Default “Allow remote shopping assistance” Enable, if Logged customer has not enabled this option, when an admin try to login to appropriate customer’s account, an error message will be displayed: “The user has not enabled the “Allow remote shopping assistance” functionality. Contact the customer to discuss this user configuration.”

Over The Top is online platform to watch Video Content (Movies, Serials, Sports, News, Live Streaming) by Using Mobile, Tablet, Laptop, Desktop etc.

ACID [ atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability ] Properties that provide a mechanism to ensure the correctness and consistency of a database.

AEM (Adobe Experience Manager ) a combination of digital asset management and content management system that allows organizations(store owner) to create, manage and deliver content across all store media running platforms & provide best customer experiences across all platforms like mobile, web, email and social media

AEM (Adobe Experience Manager ) follow three concept

What To Be Display To Attract Customers

How To Be Display To Attract Customers

Where To Be Display To Attract Customers

By default, an admin token is valid for 4 hours. To change this value, log in to Admin & follow below settings

Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure (Adobe Commerce Cloud Edition) is a platform-as-a-service (PaaS), It is self Adobe Commerce Cloud Hosting.

Adobe Commerce on Premise (Adobe Commerce Enterprise Edition) is a software-as-a-service (SaaS), It is Third-Party Hosting.

Magento / Adobe Commerce 2.x Object Manager is a PHP class responsible for creating and retrieving objects. It also manages to create factories and proxies.

It automatically instantiates parameter in class constructors

Injectable Object (typically a singleton) that can be instantiated by the object manager. They do not have their own identity such as EventManager

Non-injectable Object that cannot be instantiated by the object manager. They have own their identities. They are obtained by creating a new class instance every time , whenever they are needed.

Factories are service classes that instantiate non-injectable classes.

It is, models that represent a database entity.

They create a layer of abstraction between the ObjectManager and business code

Proxies work as a surrogate Mother which means working on behalf of others

They are classes that could be used instead of any other class.

The functionality of one class represented by Another Class

A Cheque or Credit Card is a Proxy for what is in our bank account. It can be used in place of cash

A Class is collection of objects and methods.

Object is an instance of class.

The Dependency injection (DI) is used to provide required resource(code), This required resource(code) is called Dependency injection

The Dependency injection (DI) means A class has dependency on another class B to provide some data or results, A class uses some methods of Class B to fulfill Business requirement

Dependency injection (DI) is defined by di.xml

There are following three stages, where di.xml defined

The areas are:

The following below type Dependency Injection

1 - Magento 2 constructor injection
Constructor Injection is the preferred way to inject dependencies in Magento 2, as it addresses the most simple scenario where a class requires one or more dependencies.

Magento 2 Method injection
Method Injection involves passing in a dependency as a method parameter to use it in the class logic.

[1] Magento encourages the use of Dependency Injection over direct use of Object Manager

[2] Flexibility / Reusability / Scalability / Loose Coupling / modularity / testability

Preference is used to override or rewrite the block, model, helper, controller of core modules by using di.xml

The following below files are required for Magento / Adobe Commerce 2.x custom theme development

1. Magento 2 Root Directory/app/design/frontend/vendor/theme/composer.json
2. Magento 2 Root Directory/app/design/frontend/vendor/theme/theme.xml
3. Magento 2 Root Directory/app/design/frontend/vendor/theme/registration.php
4. Magento 2 Root Directory/app/design/frontend/vendor/theme/etc/view.xml

A plugin or interceptor is set of code that is used write code before, after or around of public methods for any class or interface, without changing the original class behavior

Plugins are a valuable tool in custom development. For example, they are not affected by new Magento patches.

A plugin or interceptor has limitations , it supports Public Method of any class but never support following below things as below

plugins do not conflict with one another. They are always called one by one according to a pre-sorted

1. Non Public Methods
2. Final Class
3. Static Methods
4. __construct and __destruct
5. Virtual Types

SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol allows you to send emails from your Magento 2 store through a specific third-party mail SMTP server. For example, if you want to use your Yahoo, AOL, Gmail, GoDaddy, Microsoft or any other mail server account to send email from your Magento web store, all you need is to configure that mail server setting in our extension in Magento without having to do any complex server configuration.

The following below SMTP Service Providers

1. Gmail
2. Google App
3. G Suite
4. Amazon Simple Email Service (SES)
5. Microsoft Office365
6. Outlook
7. SparkPost
8. GoDaddy
9. Mandrill
10. MailGun
11. SendGrid
12. Elastic Email
13. Hotmail
14. AOL Mail
15. Yahoo Mail
16. AT&T
17. Verizon
18. Postmark
19. O2 Mail
20. Zoho
21. Mailjet
22. Mail.com
23. Your Company SMTP Server
24. and many other SMTP servers

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 defines how to make Web content more accessible to people with disabilities. Accessibility involves a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, language, learning, and neurological disabilities

WCAG 2.0 Level AA conformance, the website is usable and understandable for the majority of people with or without disabilities

Magento 2.x or Adobe Commerce 2.x Headless Both Frontend & Backend decoupled with each other & provides all commerce services and data through a GraphQL API layer.

PHP Magic Methods are special methods that are called automatically when class objects are created or certain conditions are met. There are several magic methods in PHP.

Every magic method follows certain rules –

1. Every magic method starts with a double underscore ( __ ).
2. They are predefined and neither can be created nor removed.
3. Magic methods have reserved names and their name should not be used for other purposes.
4. Magic methods are automatically called when class objects are created or certain criteria are met.

The following below list of Magic Methods

1. __construct()
2. __destruct()
3. __call()
4. __get()
5. __set()
6. __debugInfo()
7. __wakeup()
8. __sleep()

Adobe Campaign Manager is a marketing automation platform used in email automation, delivery and reporting. It allows users to create, coordinate and deliver dynamic campaigns through emails, mobile platforms and offline channels.

Adobe Campaign Manager Concept , How Advertisement & Marketing should be display to increase Sales Revenue & Boost Sales

Right Time -> Right Channel -> Right Content

Adobe Campaign Manager previously known as Neolane. Neolane was founded in 2001 by Stephane Dehoche, Stephan Dietrich, Thomas Boudalier, and Benoit Gourdon. It raised over $36 million in 3 rounds of funding. Adobe acquired Neolane in 2013 and slowly rebranded to what it is today.

Adobe Commerce [Buy Online, Pick up in Store (BOPIS)] allows customers to purchase online and pick up their order at a physical store location that is convenient for them.

Adobe Commerce 2.x supports [Buy Online, Pick up in Store (BOPIS)] not by Magento Open Source 2.x

1. Increase Sales
2. Attract & Concert More Customers
3. Decrease Shipping Time
4. Reduce Product Returns

Magento Magento 2.x & Adobe Commerce 2.x f Full Page Cache is the free In built service for smart caching solution that allows to reduce the server load time, speed performance and improves the response time due to the fast loading of API, CMS, product, & catalog pages.

The Mini Cart or Mini Shopping Cart displays a summary of added products in the Cart, It is enabled by default & appears once click on Cart at the Top Right Corner of Store.

One Inventory Stock can take Multiple Inventory Sources

Multiple Inventory Sources can be Assigned One Stock

Scheduled Import / Export is supported by only Adobe Commerce 2.x

Gift Options is combination of Gift Message, Gift Cards, Gift Wrapping , Gift Receiver Name , It displaying / asking Gift Options on Shopping Cart Page before Checkout

Promotion Technique BOGO Buy One Get One to Boost Sales & Increase Revenue.

Corporate Account or Company Account is only applicable for Adobe Commerce B2B

Make sure "Allow Company Registration from the Storefront is set to Yes" from Admin End.

Go To admin panel

The following below set of Adobe Experience Cloud Services , integrate with Adobe Campaign Manager

1. Adobe Campaign Manager Integration With Adobe Analytics
2. Adobe Campaign Manager Integration With Adobe Experience Manager
3. Adobe Campaign Manager Integration With Adobe Media Optimizer
4. Adobe Campaign Manager Integration With Adobe Audience Manager
5. Adobe Campaign Manager Integration With Adobe Target

Once Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce Site / Store running, suddenly require to change Product's Price, Product's Inventory, Product's Attributes, Product's Images etc. these changes immediate effected on store front once Index Management / Indexer set to be Update By Schedule

Go To Admin

1. Click on Left Side Menu System
2. System -> Tools -> Index Management
3. Select Update By Schedule From Action Drop Down
4. Finally Click on Submit Button & Update By Schedule will be applied

Shared Catalog is Adobe Commerce 2.x B2B Features where Merchant allow to associate with set of different categories & products with different custom prices & each Shared Catalog associate with different company accounts,

Shared catalogs also control the visibility of products and categories for a company in the storefront.

what shared catalog creating, the system automatically creates a customer group by the same name. For example, if you create a shared catalog called "XYZ Catalog", the system also creates a corresponding XYZ Catalog customer group. Assigning a company to the shared custom catalog is essentially the same as assigning them to a customer group

Multiple countries support Fixed Tax for multiple products, that 's why Fixed Product Tax require.

How To Apply FPT

On the Admin Panel

On the left panel, under Sales, select the Tax tab. Open the Fixed Product Taxes section, Choose "Yes" to Enable FPT

There are following below 4 PCI Compliance Levels

1. PCI Merchant Level 1:

   Merchants with over 6 million transactions a year, across all channels, or any merchant that has had a data breach.

2. PCI Merchant Level 2:

   Merchants with between 1 million and 6 million transactions annually, across all channels

3. PCI Merchant Level 3:

   Merchants with between 20,000 and 1 million online transactions annually

4. PCI Merchant Level 4:

   Merchants with fewer than 20,000 online transactions a year or any merchant processing up to 1 million regular transactions per year

ADA compliance means that your site is compliant with the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 508 (a US law).

WCAG Website Content Accessibility Guidelines compliance means your website adheres to the standards set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Apache Kafka is a popular open-source stream-processing / messaging platform.

Apache Kafka has become one of the most used tools in the world. Many organization have been using the distributed messaging & streaming platform.

Its by design distributed, replicated & resilient (or fault tolerant) which can achieve very high throughput.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is legislation that updated and unified data privacy laws across the European Union (EU).

The GDPR is a legal standard that protects the personal data(the telephone, credit card or personnel number of a person, account data, number plate, appearance, customer number or address are all personal data.) of European Union (EU) citizens

GDPR was approved by the European Parliament on April 14, 2016 and went into effect on May 25, 2018.

Customer Segments supports both Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce 2.x

Customer segmentation is the process of grouping customers according to how and why they buy. It allows organizations to create more specific sales and marketing strategies for customer groups.

It Works for product promotions & marketing strategy for specific customers. It works on the bases of below customer's things

1. Customer Address
2. Customer Order History
3. Customer Shopping Cart

You can optimize marketing initiatives based on targeted segments with shopping cart price rules

The following below 7 GDPR Principles

1. Lawfulness
2. Fairness & Transparency
3. Purpose Limitation
4. Data Minimization
5. Accuracy
6. Storage Limitation
7. Integrity & Confidentiality

Single Store Mode:: website with Single Store & Single Store View

By Default Single Store Mode Disable, once you enable, & add more store views, the single store mode will be overridden

European Union requires that all merchants in the EU and UK comply with the Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) requirements of the Payment Services Directive (PSD2) by September 14, 2019.

Strong Customer Authentication(SCA) is a key component of PSD2

SCA requires following below any of two things

1. Customer' Password or PIN
2. Customer's Biometric Identification such as Facial or Fingerprint Authentication
3. Customer's unique security token generated by phone or key fob

Blackfire is a Profiler. It is a tool for back-end developers to measure code performance, and find fixes & optimizations.

How To Configure in Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce 2.x

To add Blackfire to your Cloud Docker for Commerce environment to fully automate performance testing

Blackfire.io for Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure is a PHP profiler and automated performance testing tool for use in development, integration, staging, and production environments. It enables you to locate and investigate performance issues in your environment at the code level and creates a performance profile by tracking every PHP call, method, and SQL query performed by your code.

Merchant must have a Blackfire license and account to use Blackfire with Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure

The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act to set a national standard for the regulation of spam email or t solve the problem of unwanted commercial electronic mail messages.

The primary purpose of(CAN-SPAM) is the commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service, including email that promotes content on commercial websites

By Using Executive Overview Business Intelligence Adobe Commerce

[1] Day-wise Report / also Day-wise comparison Report

[2] Month-wise Report / also Month-wise comparison Report

[3] Yearly wise Report / also Yearly wise comparison Report

Adobe Commerce supports Site-Wide Analysis Tool (SWAT) 24*7 monitoring tool to check Store / Site Health

Once Exported Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce 2.x Products attributes (Default + Custom attributes), the problem is that in the CSV file, only the default attributes of Magento 2.x have an individual column for each of them.

In the case of custom attributes created by admins, all of them will be shown in one column named “additional_attributes” and get separated by a comma.

Refresh Statistics is used to reduce the performance impact of generating sales reports, Refresh statistics for each report as the most recent data will be available for sales reports data

On the top of the table grid, select the action:

1. Refresh Lifetime Statistics
2. Refresh Statistics for the Last Day

Click Submit after completed

Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce 2.x Action Log is a report where you can check or track details of each admin end action of store, Each record includes the following data: date, username, IP address, action type, object, store view, item. Thus, Store Owner can track listing of each change.

Google Lighthouse is a free, open-source tool that is used to improve your website's speed, performance, and overall experience. Generating Lighthouse reports makes it easier to enhance the quality of web site / multi website pages

Tier prices are specific promotional technique to provide different set of discount on products, on the bases of product’s quantity, product’s discount applied

Catalog price rules is being used to offer products to buyers at a specified discounted product's price, based on a set of defined conditions.

Catalog price rules do not use Coupon Codes, because they are displayed in PLP and PDP pages before a product is placed into the shopping cart.

Admin Side, Go To Marketing > Promotions > Catalog Price Rules.

Special Price is being displayed within specified time period, the special price appears instead of the regular price

Group PriceWhile discounted price has been set on the bases of Customer Groups / Shared Catalog (only Adobe Commerce), groups price is being displayed along with Regular price

specific customer group when the customer is logged in to their account. The customer group price is displayed on the product page along with the regular price so that a customer can easily compare prices and act accordingly

Pricing for customer groups is a component of tiered pricing and is set in a similar manner. The only difference is that customer group prices have a quantity of 1

Magento 2.x Tier Price is default Magento feature for offering discounts to customers based on number of product quantities they purchase

This is special market strategy to encourage customers to purchase bulk quantity and increase sales

There are following 6 type Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce 2.x Offline payment methods

1. Zero Subtotal Checkout
2. Cash On Delivery Payment
3. Bank Transfer Payment
4. Check / Money Order
5. Purchase Order
6. Payment on Account B2B for Adobe Commerce (Available with B2B for Adobe Commerce)

PayPal Payflow Pro using for used for Instant Purchase

Customer Segmentation is being used to display promotions content to specific group of customers on the bases of their personize experience as

1. Customer Address
2. Customer Gender
3. Order History
4. Shopping Cart Details

Customer's amount can be used for either another purchase or partially refunded to their account.

A credit memo is a document which shows the amount of money that is owed to the customer

1. (Adobe Commerce only) Refunds can be applied to store credit.
2. (Available with B2B for Adobe Commerce only ) Refunds can be applied to company credit.
3. Purchase Orders done by credit card can be refunded either online or offline.
4. Purchases Orders done by check or money order must be refunded offline.

Media Gallery is used to organize and manage media files on the hosting cloud server. It store only images used in the Content section (Pages, Blocks, Widgets, Page Builder), It never store catalog / product images

Media Gallery supported by both Magento 2.x Open Source/ Adobe Commerce 2.x

By Default old Media Gallery Enabled

The purpose of the security. txt file format is used to provide security researchers the information they can use to report their findings. Merchants can enter their contact information regarding security issue reporting from the Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce Admin

Product swatches used for configuration products, not for simple products

Product swatches by a visual swatch, as text swatch, image swatch, Color swatch or input control, displaying on Product Listing Page, Product Display Page, Left Side Layered Navigation

Extension attributes are usually used to extend default functionalities to the fullest potential. Extension attributes allow add additional complex data to an existing entity class.

Extension attributes are new in Adobe Commerce and Magento Open Source. They are used to extend functionality and often use more complex data types than custom attributes

In order to add extension attributes, we need to use an after plugin on Product Repository. The plugin should be declared for the methods: save , get and getList

Page Builder:: is advanced tools to design page layouts, add Magento content (Product and Category data, CMS content and Blocks), and format text.

A Web-based POS solution for managing multiple physical stores, retail outlets at different locations & getting Payment Receipt and sync data (sales, order, inventory, products) with an online store.

As Shopping in Mall, Restaurant, FMCG Shopping in Retail Shopping Mall

Maximum Qty Allowed in Shopping Cart =10000 in Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce

Dotdigital Engagement is Cloud based application, used to produce professional, personalized communications and generated reports using data from your Magento store, including: Chat with customers. Customize email campaigns.

Default Admin Password Lifetime in Magento 2.x Open Source and Adobe Commerce =90 Days

Once Order Total is Zero ( 0 ), Payment Methods (Zero Subtotal Checkout ) is applied automatically in Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce ? )

Brick-and-Mortar that involves a physical presence of the business / store which offers face-to-face customer experiences.

Brick-and-Mortar are business / stores where customers can visit, view, and purchase

Shopping Malls, Town Centers, Street Shops, or The Outskirts of Small Communities

No, Magento 2.x / Adobe Commerce do not provide HIPAA-Compliance based services

There are following below Adobe Products support HIPAA-Compliance Based Services include:

1. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Managed Services
2. Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) as a Cloud Service
3. Adobe Customer Journey Analytics (CJA)
4. Adobe Journey Optimizer (AJO)
5. Adobe Real-Time Customer Data Platform (RTCDP) B2P (Consumer Audiences) Prime and Ultimate Editions
6. Adobe Real-Time Customer Data Platform (RTCDP) B2C Prime and Ultimate Editions
7. Adobe Acrobat Sign Solutions for enterprise and business
8. Adobe Connect Managed Services
9. Marketo Engage
10. Workfront

As per PCI DSS Standard, Customer's Cardholder Data (16-digit Primary Account Number or Card Number as unreadable format, expiration date, cardholder name), and never store Sensitive Authentication Data (Track Data, PIN, PIN Block, CVV).

Sensitive Authentication Data (Track Data, PIN, PIN Block, CVV) or (everything on the Magnetic strip) use only card authentication purpose, should be never store

It supports European Union (EU) and other merchants who want to maintain consistent prices for customers whose tax rates are different from the predefined store tax rate.

Banking, Financial Services and Insurance and popular as an industry term for companies that provide a range of such products/services and is commonly used by IT/ITES/BPO companies

The master database is the primary storage of the data, where all the writing operations of the data request are performed whereas the reading operation is spread across multiple slave databases relative to the master database.

SLA(Service Level Agreement) reports help you better understand your application performance by showing application downtime and trends over time. SLA reports for an application only include web transactions. If your application creates only non-web transactions, New Relic does not produce SLA reports for that app.

Analytics Integration: The Unbxd Extension for Magento2 automatically tracks user analytics and behavior that is essential in order to provide accurate and user-specific search results. The extension analyses every user event and tracks product clicks, products added to the cart, and orders.

AWS instances provide a balance of compute, memory and networking resources, and can be used for a variety of diverse workloads. These instances are ideal for applications that use these resources in equal proportions such as web servers and code repositories.

Masking does not affect the content of the actual website; it only covers up the original URL/domain name. Domain masking prevents users from being able to see the actual domain website, whether it be due to length or privacy/security issues

URL masking is problematic because it creates duplicate content. Google, and other search engines, dislike duplicate content. When a masked URL is requested, Google sees that there are multiple domains serving the same content

The Research online, Purchase offline (ROPO) consumer behavior has also increased in popularity. In addition to zero shipping fees, ROPO lets customers ensure a product’s compatibility. After all, 56% of shoppers want to see, touch, and feel the products before buying.

IMDb is set for Internet Movie Database. It is an online database platform to store movies, televisions shows, actors, directors, biographies, plot summaries, reviews, video games, and related information. The information stored on IMDb comes from different sources such as filmmakers, film studios, and other official sources.

Adobe Experience Platform (AEP) is a real-time Customer Data Platform (CDP) that enables organizations to streamline the flow of data and create a single view of the customer to build seamless experiences across devices and touchpoints

Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing , controlling , analyzing ,prioritize , identify solution, integrate solution, executing solution in terms of financial, legal, strategic and security risks to an organization's capital and earnings.

In terms of financial, legal, strategic and security risks

ISO 26262 - is an international functional safety standard for the development of electrical and electronic systems in road vehicles. It defines guidelines to minimize the risk of accidents and ensure that automotive components perform their intended functions correctly and at the right time.

Gift Registry::You can describe Gift Registry as a wishlist of products you would like to share with other people so they could purchase anything from the list. Customer can even set some shipping address to a gift registry, thus anyone who follows this list with a purchase would automatically have that shipping address set by default during checkout. Customer can manage his gift registries in his profile. The gift registry can be shared or stay private.

Differentiate Between GiftRegistry & Wishlist:: Customer can even set some shipping address to a gift registry, thus anyone who follows this list with a purchase would automatically have that shipping address set by default during checkout, Customer can manage his gift registries in his profile. The gift registry can be shared or stay private.

But Wishlist, Customer can not set Shipping Address

Using of brick-and-mortar stores, their brand website or app, delivery and shipping services. This practice is known as hybrid commerce

Blackfire Blackfire is a Profiler. It is a tool for back-end developers to measure code performance, and find fixes & optimizations.

Fastly CDN Adobe Commerce Fastly is required for Adobe Commerce on cloud infrastructure Staging and Production environments. Fastly works with Varnish to provide fast caching capabilities and a Content Delivery Network (CDN) for static assets. Fastly also provides a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to secure your site and Cloud infrastructure.

The basic way to distinguish between Magento 2 plugins and preferences is:: Preference is used for overriding class, Plugin is used for adding functionality before, after, and around methods.

Plugins intercept the behavior of existing or specific methods without altering the original code

Preference overriding existing classes or methods with altering the original code

Dotdigital Dotdigital is a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) marketing platform that enables companies to create, test and send data-driven automated campaigns. Our technology integrates with key business systems, such as e-commerce platforms and CRMs, providing access to rich insights in real time.

Service Contract:: Service Contract is set of classes & interfaces that provide some services that hides the business logic and also provides data integrity, so you can create modules using Magento 2 service contract layer without worrying about the Magento 2 upgrades(until any major ones).

For example, if you use a service contract layer in Magento 2, you can create modules without worrying about Magento upgrades until any major ones. You can also evolve the service without affecting its users

Differentiate between Repository & FactoryRepositories are used to manage the retrieval and storage of data, while Factories are used to create objects

The following below steps define, why MVVM is better than MVC

Magento 2 CONS [Disadvantages]

If you wish to use another class object in your class you are unable to instantiate the class in Magento 2

Instead, you need to inject the object in the constructor and afterward, it can be used in the class.

this process will slow down system, To overcome this, a proxy design pattern is used.

There are three methods to override existing classes or methods in Magento 2.x or Adobe Commerce

1. Observers are slower than plugins because Magento creates at least three objects upon the trigger event.
2. Observers offer less flexibility when you need to introduce platform-wide features.
3. Event observers have critical limitations since they must not change the objects they influence.

Dropshipping is a business model where a Online Shop / retailer sells products without keeping inventory, Once Orders got, they are using third-party supplier who ships the product directly to the desired customer.

customerA customer is someone who buys goods or services from a store or business. The term is often used to refer to someone who buys goods or services from a store or business.

consumer On the other hand, a consumer is someone who uses the goods or services. While a customer may be a consumer, they are different in cases where the purchaser of a product is not the end-user. For example, if you buy a gift for a friend, you are the customer, but your friend, who uses the gift, is the consumer.

Father goes to a bookstore and buys a children’s book. He brings it home and gives it to his daughter as a gift. In this case, the father is the customer because he purchased the book. However, his daughter, who reads and enjoys the book, is the consumer. She is the one who actually uses the product. So, the daughter is an example of a consumer.