Magento 2 Patch is a package of core files that are modified that aims at fixing certain security bugs that cause security vulnerabilities that were encountered in earlier Magento versions, that is why called Magento 2 Security Patch.
There are following below table store Magento 2 Module Patches
patch_list
By Default, Magento 2 having 157 Security Patches in Database Table patch_list
This table having to column patch_id & patch_name
Magento 2 All Database Tables [500 and more Tables]
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