There are following below set of Database Tables store product attributes.
eav_attribute
eav_attribute_group
eav_attribute_label
eav_attribute_option
eav_attribute_option_swatch
eav_attribute_option_value
eav_attribute_set
Magento 2 All Database Tables [500 and more Tables]
Magento 2 All Database Tables [500 & more Tables]
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