Shopify is a subscription-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) sales platform.

Backend::

Shopify uses Ruby on Rails, MySQL, Redis, and memcached for its backend system. It also uses Go and Lua for performance critical for backend parts.

Frontend::

Shopify uses React with GraphQL APIs for its frontend.

Shopify pod:

A Shopify pod contains data for one to many shops. It’s a complete version of Shopify that can run anywhere in the world.

Theme architecture::

A Shopify theme controls the style, organization, and features of a merchant’s online store.

The following below steps explain Shopify Admin Panel Overview Step By Step

Step [1] – Once Login Shopify Admin Dashboard displaying as below.

Left Panel display all Menu Items

• Home
• Orders
• Products
• Customers
• Content
• Analytics
• Marketing
• Discounts
• Sales Channel –> Online Store
• Sales Channel –> Point of Sale
• Apps
• Settings
  
  

Step [2] – Click on Left Panel Orders

• Orders:: Display listing of all Orders Listing
• Drafts:: Display listing of all Draft Orders Listing
• Abandoned Checkouts:: Display Those customers whom added products in Cart & trying to checkout but they did not succeed payment process for their added shopping cart products

Step [3] – Click on Left Panel Products

• Collection:: Display list of all Products (Physical Products, Digital Products(MP3, Video etc.), Service Products(Movie Tickets, Online Coaching, Events Registration)
• Inventory:: When you enable inventory tracking on your products, you can view and adjust their inventory counts here.
• Purchase Orders::Track and receive inventory ordered from suppliers.
• Transfers:: To create a transfer you’ll need more than one location, Move and track inventory between your business locations
• Gift Cards:: Supports all Gift Cards type products (Physical, Virtual, [Virtual + Physical] )
  
  

Step [4] – Click on Left Panel Customers

Manage customer details, see customer order history, and group customers into segments.

Segmentation applied on the bases of

• Customer’s address
• Customer’s Order History
• Customer’s Shopping Cart Content
• Customer’s Age
• Customer’s Gender
  

Step [5] – Click on Left Panel Content

• Metaobjects:: Metaobjects allow you to group fields and connect them to different parts of your store. Use them to create custom content or data structures.
• Files:: Upload and manage your files & can be images, videos, documents, and more.

Step [6] – Click on Left Panel Customers

Display Sales Details as Total Sales, Sales by Channel, Average Orders etc.

• Reports:: Display Sales, Customers, Cart, Gross Profits etc.
• Live View:: Display live store view as graphics view.
  

Step [7] –Marketing:: Display Marketing related things

• Campaigns:: Display Campaigns listing
• Automations:: Marketing automations are set up once and run for as long as you want.

Step [8] –Discounts::

Create discount codes and automatic discounts that apply at checkout. You can also use discounts with compare at prices.

Step [9] – Sales channels :: having Two Parts

[a] Online Store

[b] Point of Sale

Step [10] – Apps::

Once you need to Install third party plugins click on Apps & search your desired plugins as per your Business Need.

Step [11] – Settings::

By Settings page, you can manage your Shopify subscription plan, store type, and store status.

On this page
Update your plan
Change your store address
Change your store type
Change your store owner account email
Change your store’s customer-facing email address
Change the store owner’s profile

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The following below steps to setup Facebook & Instagram plugins in Shopify

Step [1] – Go to your Shopify admin -> Left Side Panel

Click on Settings > Apps and sales channels.

Step [2] – From the Apps and sales channels page,

Click on Shopify App Store.

Step [3] – From the Shopify App Store,

Search for Facebook & Instagram

Step [4] – Once Search applicable for Facebook & Instagram

Click Add channel or Add app.

Step [5] – Click Start set up on the feature that you want to install first.

Step [6] – Click Connect account.

Step [7] – Sign in to your Facebook account.

Step [8] – Connect the Facebook assets that are required to set up the features that you want.

Step [9] – Accept the terms and conditions.

Step [10] – Click Finish setup.

The following below steps need to follow to setup Shopify Store

[1] – Sign up For Shopify:

Browse Shopify website and sign up for an account. You’ll need to provide basic information about yourself and your store business

[2] – Set up Your Store:

Once you’ve created an account, you’ll be directed to the Shopify admin dashboard. Here, you can begin setting up your store by adding details such as your store name, address, currency, and payment gateway preferences.

[3] – Choose a Theme:

Shopify offers a variety of themes that you can use to customize the look and feel of your store. Browse through the available themes and select one that fits your brand and aesthetic preferences. You can customize the theme further to match your branding.

[4] – Add Products:

After setting up your store, you can start adding products. In the Shopify admin dashboard, navigate to the “Products” section and click on “Add product” to add your products. You can add product details such as title, description, price, images, and variants.

[5] – Set up Payments:

Shopify supports various payment gateways, including Shopify Payments, PayPal, Stripe, and others. Set up your preferred payment gateway to accept payments from customers.

[6] – Configure Tax Settings

Set up your shipping settings, including shipping rates, shipping zones, and carrier integrations if applicable. You can specify shipping rates based on factors like weight, price, or location.

[7] – Configure Shipping Settings:

Create and customize your store policies, including terms of service, privacy policy, and refund policy. These policies help establish trust with your customers and outline expectations for transactions.

[8] – Create Important Static Pages / Blogs for Your Store:

Create Static page as Privacy / Policy, Terms & Conditions, Shipping Policy, Payment Policy & Blog as per your requirement

[9] – Install Shopify Third Party Plugins as Per Needed::

Install Shopify third Party Plugins as per your Business store requirement

https://apps.shopify.com/

[9] – Customize Policies:

Create and customize your store policies, including terms of service, privacy policy, and refund policy. These policies help establish trust with your customers and outline expectations for transactions.

[10] – Launch Your Store:

Once you’ve completed the setup process and customized your store to your liking, you’re ready to launch. Review your store settings, double-check everything is in place, and then click on the “Launch” button to make your store live.

[11] – Market Your Store:

After launching your store, focus on marketing and promoting your products to attract customers. Utilize various marketing channels such as social media, email marketing, content marketing, and search engine optimization (SEO) to drive traffic to your store.

[12] – Manage Your Store:

Regularly monitor your store’s performance, analyze sales data, and make adjustments as needed to optimize your store for success. Continuously engage with your customers, address their inquiries and feedback, and strive to provide a positive shopping experience.

The following below steps of off-track involves monitoring various aspects of the project against the planned objectives, timelines, and budgets.

Missed Deadlines: If milestones or deadlines are consistently missed or if tasks take longer to complete than planned, it could indicate that the project is falling behind schedule.

Budget Overruns: Exceeding the allocated budget or spending more resources than planned without corresponding progress in the project’s deliverables is a clear indication of being off-track financially.

Scope Creep: If the project scope expands beyond its original boundaries without proper documentation and approval, it can lead to delays and resource overruns.

Low Quality Deliverables: If the quality of the project deliverables is below the expected standard, it might indicate that the project is not progressing as intended.

Lack of Communication: Poor communication among team members, stakeholders, or project managers can lead to misunderstandings, delays in decision-making, and ultimately, project setbacks.

Resource Constraints: If the project team lacks necessary skills, expertise, or resources to complete tasks effectively, it can result in delays and compromise the project’s success.

Risk Events: If significant risks materialize or if there is a failure to identify and mitigate potential risks, it can lead to unexpected issues that derail the project.

Stakeholder Dissatisfaction: Negative feedback or lack of engagement from stakeholders may indicate that their expectations are not being met or that the project is not delivering the desired outcomes.

Decreased Team Morale: A decline in team motivation, increased stress levels, or conflicts among team members can be indicators of underlying issues that are affecting project progress.

The following below difference between SQL & NoSQL

	SQL	NoSQL
1	Table Base Database Approach	Document base Database approach
2	Predefined Data ,	Non Predefined ,
3	Support Structured Data	Support Unstructured Data
4	Store Data as Tabular Format	Store Data Format as Key-value pair, Document-oriented, Column-oriented, Graph-based, Time series,
5	Store Less Volume of Data	Store Large Volume of Data
6	SQL databases are vertically scalable	NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable
7	Used for multi-row transactions records	Used for documents or JSON records
8	Used Normalized Data Structure	Used Non Normalized Data Structure
9	SQL databases follow ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability)	NoSQL database follow CAP theorem (Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance)
10	Popular SQL Database as MySQL, SQL Server, SQLite, PostgreSQL	Popular NoSQL as MongoDB, Redis, CouchDB, CouchBase, Oracle NoSQL Database, Redik

Magento 2.x or Adobe Commerce Architecture explain here very simple way as below.

Step [1] – Presentation Layer::

The top layer of Magento 2 architecture is the presentation layer. When we interact with Magento’s web interface

Step [2] – Service Layer::

The middle layer and domain layer is the service layer. It offers a connection between the presentation and domain layer

Step [3] – Domain Layer::

The domain layer represents business logic, The domain layer defines the generic Magento databases or business logic models.

Step [3] – Persistence Layer::

Persistence Layer represents CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and DELETE) from database

Virtual Type & Type of DI.xml :: The di. xml supports two types of nodes which are a node type and a node virtualtype

 Virtual Type & Type of DI.xml:: Virtual Type is considered as a perfect method instead of the type . Virtual types are similar to the types but provides additional flexibility as they allow defining a virtual class.

Type adjusts existing classes, whereas Virtual Types creates a new class. 

Virtual Types allows us to modify existing classes without affecting the other classes and without having to create a new class file(it isn’t necessary but if we want then we can create it as well)

virtual Type accepts two attributes – name and type . Name is the virtual Type’s name and type is an existing class we use to create the virtual Type

Difference Between Virtual Type & Type of DI.xml::

Virtual Types are like a sub-class for an existing class

Type adjusts existing classes, whereas Virtual Types creates a new class.

Type affect all the instances, whereas Virtual Type is equivalent of a sub class,

Dependency Inversion Principle:: DIP using abstraction layer in code to reduce code dependencies.

As per DIP the way of designing a class structure is to start from high level Classes to Low Level Classes

This means that your high level classes or modules should use the interfaces of low level classes or modules instead of working with them directly, it is Standard coding structure as per SDLC

High level classes or modules should should not use direct level classes or modules directly, it is bad coding structure

Requisition List easy to manage, create, delete , once Requisition List has been created, customer can add products, modify products as per their requirement on regular bases.

Once Products has been added in Requisition List, customer can order all added products (Requisition List) as per single checkout and also reorder in future if required.

Creation of Requisition Lists: Customers can create multiple lists of products categorized according to their preferences, needs, or ordering patterns.

Adding Products in Requisition Lists: Once a list is created, customers can add products to it from the catalog.

Managing Requisition Lists: Customers can manage their lists by adding, removing, or editing products as needed. They can also create new lists or delete existing ones.

Easy Ordering by Requisition Lists: When customers need to place an order, they can simply select the desired list and add all the products from that list to their cart with a single click.

Reordering: Requisition Lists also facilitate easy reordering of previously purchased items.

The The minimum number is 2 & The maximum number is 999 requisition lists to be maintained for each customer account in ‘B2B Adobe Commerce

Maximum Number of Requisition Lists in B2B Adobe Commerce = 999

Minimum Number of Requisition Lists in B2B Adobe Commerce = 2

Customers can add products to a requisition list below following pages

1. Product pages
2. A catalog page
3. The shopping cart
4. Existing orders

B2B Adobe Commerce Requisition List on Product Listing Page (Category Page)
B2B Adobe Commerce Requisition List on Product Details Page

B2B Adobe Commerce Requisition Customer DashBoard

B2B Adobe Commerce Requisition List Product Detail Page (PDP)

B2B Adobe Commerce Requisition Customer Shopping Cart